(1996)  Page(s) 115-118.  
 
Rosa damascena.
Local names: Hindi - 'Bussorah'; U.P.- 'Fasli gulab', 'Barwana'; Beng.- 'Basrai golap'.
...In India the Damsk rose is grown for rose-oil and rose-water in the district of Ghazipur (Ghourabad, Gunda, Fasidi and Asmanicha), Ballia (Sikandarpur), Faizabad, Lucknow, Kanpur (Rewatpur, Binayakpur, Bisayakpur, Banger, Kakadev, Lekinpur and HBTI, Farrukhabad (Kannauj), Aligarh, Etah (Jhinwar) and Udaipur (Nathduara-Khamnore).
...Although the Damask rose flowers from March to July the Peak period being only about 60 days from the middle of March to the middle of May. The weight of a flower varies from 2-2.5 grams, thus 1 kg of flowers number 450 in average.
A temperature range of 25oC-30oC and 60 per Cent relative humidity are ideal for Optimum flowering (Chandra et al 1970). The average yield of flowers is estimated at about 5000 kg per hectare.

(1996)  Page(s) 118.  
 
Rosa centifolia
Eng. Vernac.: Cabbage rose.
In the Britsh gardens it is known as 'Cabbage rose'. To the French perfumer it is 'Rose de Mai'. It grows wild in the eastern Caucasus. The wild varities are single-flowered.

(1996)  Page(s) 118-119.  
 
Edward Rose (Rosa Edouard)
Varities: Deshi, Cheenia and Kaithal
Cheenia and Deshi are also called Baramasi which means bearing flowers throughout the year. The Cheenia gulab of Kanauj has purple flowers with fragrance stronger than that of other cultivars of the Edward rose. The popularity of the cultivars of the Edward rose lies in that they flower for 10 months in N. India and throughout the year in the Southern States. Previously the Edward rose was used as rootstock for bud grafting. Nowadays it is mostly replaced by R. indica (cv Odorata). The flowers of E. rose are mainly used for making rose water, rose recipes and hair oils. They are also used in Ayurvedic drugs and cold drinks (Thandai). As a cut flower E. rose is used in making garlands and offering to deities in temples.
In south India the E. rose is popularly known as Rajapoo (in Tamil). In a number of places of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka the E. rose is grown for producing rose water. Tanjore being the largest centre of manufacturing rose water in the South.
The agro-technique as recommended for the Damask rose can be followed for the Edward rose. But it should be borne in mind that it needs more manure and fertilizer than any other rose...
The Edward rose blooms longer than the Damask rose. Besides the proper season (March-April) its flowering occurs for the second and the third times during monsoon (July-August) and autumn (October-November). In winter buds appear but do not open. In Peninsular India winter is not strong; for this reason the E. rose blooms there throughout the year.
The experiments at HBTI, Kanpur have proved that the quality of Otto produced from our roses (Bussorah and Edward) is not inferior to that of Bulgaria.