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Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel - Rosaceae
Synonyms: Rosa caraganifolia Sumn., Rosa coeruleifolia Sumn., Rosa epipsila Sumn., Rosa lavrenkoi Sumn., Rosa lipschitzii Sumn., Rosa minusculifolia Sumn., Rosa oligosperma Sumn.
English name: Fedtschenko's rose
Russian name:Шиповник феченко, Роза феченко (Shipovnik Fedchenko, Roza Fedchenko)
Uzbek name: Namatak
Kyrgyz name: феченко ит мурун (Fedchenko it murun)
Description: Shrub, 2-3(-6) m tall. Branches prickly; prickles yellowish, firm, straight, expanded at the base, up to 13 mm long. Leaves alternate, stipulate, pinnately compound with 5-9 leaflets, 3-4.5 cm long; leaflets 1-2.5 cm long, ovate to elongate-ovate, glabrous, margins serrate. Flowers 3-9 cm in diameter, solitary or in groups of 3-4. Sepals 5, lanceolate, pubescent above, glandular below. Petals 5, white or pink, broad-obovate. Fruit a fleshy, red hip, 2-5 cm long, elongate-ovoid, glandular-bristly, with persistent sepals, and containing stony achenes.
Other distinguishing features: Leaflets glabrous. Hip to 5 cm long, densely glandular-bristly.
Phenology: Flowers in June-August, fruits in July-September.
Reproduction: By seeds.
Distribution: All provinces of Kyrgyzstan; Toshkent, Farg'ona, Samarqand, Qashqadaryo and Surxondaryo provinces of Uzbekistan.
Habitat: In forest glades, among bushes.
Population status: Common, found in small groups.
Traditional use: Fruits are widely used as a tonic, choleretic, and as a remedy for scurvy. An infusion of the fruits with honey is usec to treat upper respiartory colds and coughs. A decoction of the roots is drunk to treat diarrhea. A decoction of the leaves is taken to treat dysentery and as a diuretic (Khodzimatov 1989). The hips from this and related species are used to prevent scurvy and avitaminosis, to treat arteriosclerosis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and gastrointestinal diseases, particularly with reduced bile production (Altimishev 1991). Oil of rose is used externally to treat cracked and injured nipples of breast feeding women, bedsores, trophic ulcers of the shins, and dermatosis (Muravyova 1978). The fruits are used to treat lung tuberculosis, diphteria, scarlet fever, flu, and sore throat (Zakordonets 1953).
Documented effects: The fruits of this species are an official source of polyvitamins. Preparation (extracts, syrups, candies, pills, etc.) are used [to] treat hypo- and avitaminosis (particularly vitamin C deficiency) as well to treat diseases related to vitamin deficiency. The fruits are used as a component in an anti-asthmatic mixture. Oil from the seeds is used to treat burns, dermatosis, and radiation exposure. Ascorbic acid and oil extract Karotolin (containing carotenoids, vitamin E, and linolic acid) are isolated from the pericarp. Karotolin is used to treat trophic skin ulcers, eczema, erythrodermia, and other skin diseases (Khalmatov et al. 1984).
Phytochemistry: Fruits contain vitamins C, E, B2, K, carotene, organic acids (malic and citric), sugars, flavonoids, pectins, and tannins. Seeds contain up to 37% fatty oil (Tolmachev 1976; Khodzimatov 1989). The flowers were found to contain glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin, and peonidin (Mikanagi et al. 1995).
